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HPE Campus Access Switching Expert Written Exam Sample Questions (Q18-Q23):

NEW QUESTION # 18
Refer to the exhibit.

IGMP v3 was enabled on both VSX switches. Which switch becomes the IGMP querier forclients connected to Ace-1 switch?

A. Agg-1
B. both Agg-1 and Agg-2
C. Agg-2
D. Active gateway IP will be used as IGMP querier.

Answer: A

Explanation:
The setup has Agg-1 and Agg-2 as a VSX pair with IGMPv3 enabled. Ace-1 is a downstream switch connected to clients. The question asks which switch becomes the IGMP querier for clients connected to Ace-
1.
* IGMP Snooping & Querier:In a Layer 2 network using IGMP snooping, an IGMP querier is required on each VLAN to periodically send general queries. This prompts hosts to send membership reports, allowing snooping switches to learn which ports need which multicast streams.
* Querier Election:If multiple devices capable of querying exist on a VLAN (like routers or capable switches), an election occurs. Typically, the device with the lowest IP address on the VLAN becomes the querier.
* VSX & IGMP Querier:In an ArubaOS-CX VSX environment, the IGMP querier functionality is managed by the VSX pair. Documentation indicates that theprimary VSX switchtypically assumes the role of the IGMP querier for the VLANs it serves, including those extended via MC-LAG to downstream switches.
* Analysis of Options:
* A. Agg-2: Would only be the querier if it were the primary VSX switch.
* B. Both Agg-1 and Agg-2: Incorrect, only one active querier per VLAN is standard.
* C. Agg-1: Likely the primary VSX switch (often designated or wins election based on priority
/lower system MAC/IP) and thus becomes the querier.
* D. Active gateway IP: This is the virtual IP used for unicast routing, but the querier function runs on a physical switch, usually the primary.
* Conclusion:Assuming Agg-1 is the primary VSX switch (as is common convention or based on default election parameters if not explicitly configured), it will act as the IGMP querier for the VLAN serving clients connected to Ace-1.
References:AOS-CX Multicast Guide (IGMP Snooping, Querier Election), AOS-CX VSX Guide. This relates to "Switching" (19%) and "Network Resiliency and virtualization" (8%).

NEW QUESTION # 19
Match the BGP connection states to the conditions that could have caused that state.

Answer:

Explanation:

Explanation:
The last keepalive is less than 3 times the negotiated holddown timer. -->established The router has not received a response. The neighbor might be unreachable. -->active The router is waiting for an initial response from the neighbor. -->connect The router starts listening for a connection. -->idle This question requires matching specific BGP connection states from the BGP Finite State Machine (FSM) to descriptions of the router's activity or condition in those states.
* Idle:This is the starting state. The BGP process is administratively up but is not actively trying to connect. It refuses all incoming BGP connection attempts but listens for a start event (like configuration or operator initiation) or potentially listens for incoming connections if configured for passive peering.
* Matches:"The router starts listening for a connection." (This describes the passive aspect of the Idle state before active attempts begin).
* Connect:In this state, BGP is actively trying to establish a TCP connection with the peer. It has initiated the TCP three-way handshake and is waiting for it to complete, or it is waiting for a remote peer to initiate the TCP connection.
* Matches:"The router is waiting for an initial response from the neighbor." (Specifically, waiting for the TCP handshake to complete).
* Active:If the TCP connection attempt in the Connect state fails (e.g., timeout), the router transitions to the Active state. In this state, it will periodically retry establishing the TCP connection while also listening for an incoming connection from the peer. This state indicates repeated failures to establish TCP connectivity.
* Matches:"The router has not received a response. The neighbor might be unreachable." (This reflects the condition in the Active state where connection attempts fail, suggesting the neighbor is unreachable at the TCP level).
* Established:This is the final, operational state where the TCP connection is up, BGP session parameters have been successfully negotiated via OPEN messages, and KEEPALIVE messages are being exchanged. Routing information (UPDATEs) can be exchanged. The condition described implies the session is healthy and timers are being maintained.
* Matches:"The last keepalive is less than 3 times the negotiated holddown timer." (While phrased slightly unusually, this indicates the holddown timer hasnotexpired because keepalives are being received within the expected window (Holddown Timer = ~3 * Keepalive Interval). This confirms the session is alive, which is true in the Established state).
References:RFC 4271 (BGP4 Specification - Section 8, Finite State Machine), BGP configuration and troubleshooting guides for AOS-CX. This relates to the "Routing" (16%) and "Troubleshooting" (10%) objectives.

NEW QUESTION # 20
The user's device is failing 802.1 Xwith EAP-TLS authentication. We know that theclient-side certificate is valid. What is the likely cause of this issue? (Select two.)

A. There Is an EAP-type mismatch.
B. The user's device is not configured to use the correct gateway.
C. The user's device is using the wrong MAC address
D. There is a problem with the ACL applied to the switch port
E. The NAD is not able to communicate with DNS servers.

Answer: A,E

Explanation:
The user's device fails 802.1X EAP-TLS authentication, but the client-side certificate is known to be valid.
We need two likely causes.
* EAP-TLS Process:Involves mutual certificate validation and TLS handshake between client and RADIUS server (proxied by NAD).
* Causes (Client Cert OK):
* Server Certificate Issues: Client doesn't trust server cert (Untrusted CA, name mismatch, expired).
* EAP Type Mismatch:Client supplicant configured for different EAP type than RADIUS server policy.
* RADIUS Server Issues:Policy misconfiguration, user not found, internal errors.
* NAD <-> RADIUS Communication Failure:Switch cannot reach RADIUS server (IP connectivity, firewall, routing), incorrect shared secret.
* Client Supplicant Misconfiguration:Incorrect identity, settings other than the certificate itself.
* Network packet loss.
* Analysis of Options (Select Two):
* A: Wrong gateway affects L3 post-authentication.
* B: ACL blocking EAPoL/RADIUS is possible but less common than config errors.
* C:EAP-type mismatch:A very common configuration error leading to failure.
* D: Wrong MAC address is irrelevant for EAP-TLS failure itself.
* E: NAD not able to communicate with DNS servers: DNS isn't directly involved in EAP-TLS.
However, if interpreted more broadly asNAD not able to communicate with the RADIUS server(due to IP routing, firewall, or incorrect server address), this is a very common cause of failure.
* Conclusion:An EAP-type mismatch (C) is a prime suspect when basic certificate validity is assumed.
Failure of the Network Access Device (NAD - the switch) to communicate with the RADIUS server (E, interpreted broadly as RADIUS reachability) is another major category of failure causes.
References:EAP-TLS (RFC 5216), 802.1X Troubleshooting Guides, ClearPass Documentation. This relates to "Troubleshooting" (10%), "Security" (10%), and "Authentication/Authorization" (9%).

NEW QUESTION # 21
When trying to add a now access switch to the network, theswitch port at the aggregation switch is automatically disabled.
What needs to be done to fix this issue?

A. Disable spanning tree loop-guard at the interface level.
B. Disable spanning tree root-guard at the interface level.
C. Disable spanning tree bpdu-guard at the interface level.
D. Disable spanning tree bpdu-tilter al the interface level.

Answer: C

Explanation:
The issue involves a new access switch's port being automatically disabled when connected to an aggregation switch, likely due to a Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) protection mechanism.
* Analysis of Options:
* Option A (Disable bpdu-filter):BPDU filtering prevents BPDUs from being sent or processed, which could cause loops, not resolve the issue.
* Option B (Disable root-guard):Root guard prevents a port from becoming the root bridge but does not cause port disablement in this context.
* Option C (Disable loop-guard):Loop guard prevents alternate ports from becoming designated but is unrelated to port disablement.
* Option D:Correct. Disabling BPDU guard on the aggregation switch's interface prevents it from disabling the port when it receives BPDUs from the new access switch.
* Why Option D is Correct:BPDU guard is an STP feature that disables a port if it receives BPDUs, assuming an unauthorized device is connected. When a new access switch isconnected, it sends BPDUs as part of normal STP operation, triggering BPDU guard on the aggregation switch and disabling the port. Disabling BPDU guard on the aggregation switch's interface (e.g., no spanning-tree bpdu-guard) allows the access switch to participate in STP without being disabled, resolving the issue while maintaining network stability.
* Relevance to Certification Objectives:
* Network Resiliency and Virtualization (8%):Involves troubleshooting STP mechanisms for fault tolerance.
* Troubleshooting (10%):Includes diagnosing and remediating STP-related issues in campus networks.
* Switching (19%):Covers Layer 2 technologies like STP and its protection features.
References:
HPE Aruba Networking AOS-CX Configuration Guide: Spanning Tree Configuration, detailing BPDU guard.
HPE7-A06Study Guide: Covers STP troubleshooting and protection mechanisms.
HPE Aruba Networking Technical Documentation: STP Best Practices, explaining BPDU guard behavior.

NEW QUESTION # 22
A customer has configured eBGP peering using local AS 65000 with two routers from a CX 6300 VSF stack with thefollowing switch ports:
[ports connecting to router-1 10.10.10.2]

The LAGs are connected lo third-party L2 switches, which are used as a transit network for the remote eBGP routers. To optimise the possible BGP peering issues. The AOS-CX switch Is configured with theglobal settings:

What needs to be done on the AOS_CX switch to enable the bidirectional forwarding with the eBGP peers?

A. Option D
B. Option B
C. Option A
D. Option C

Answer: B

Explanation:
The goal is to enable Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) for eBGP neighbors 10.10.10.2 and
10.10.20.2 on the AOS-CX VSF stack (AS 65000). Global BFD settings are already configured. We need the specific commands to link BFD state to the BGP neighbor relationship.
* BFD for BGP Configuration:Requires enabling the fall-over bfd parameter for the specific neighbor within the router bgp <asn> configuration hierarchy.
* Analyzing the Options (New Image):
* Option 1 (Top):
router bgp 65000
address-family ipv4 unicast
neighbor 10.10.10.2 fall-over bfd
neighbor 10.10.20.2 fall-over bfd
This enables BFD specifically within the ipv4 unicast address family context for both neighbors. This is a valid configuration location.
* Option 2 (Second):
router bgp 65000
neighbor 10.10.10.2 fall-over bfd
neighbor 10.10.20.2 fall-over bfd
This enables BFD directly under the main neighbor <ip> configuration lines within router bgp 65000. This typically applies BFD to all address families configured for that neighbor relationship (including IPv4 unicast). This is also a valid and common configuration location.
* Option 3 (Third):
int 1/1/1-1/1/2, 2/1/1-2/1/2
fall-over-bfd
Incorrect. Applies BFD configuration under an interface range context, which is not how BFD is linked to BGP sessions.
* Option 4 (Bottom):
interface lag1-2
fall-over bfd
Incorrect. Applies BFD configuration under an interface LAG range context, which is not how BFD is linked to BGP sessions.
* Comparing Valid Options (1 vs 2):Both Option 1 and Option 2 correctly use the fall-over bfd command under router bgp. Option 1 provides per-address-family granularity, while Option 2 applies it to the neighbor generally. Without a specific requirement to enable BFDonlyfor IPv4, applying it at the neighbor level (Option 2) is often simpler and sufficient. Both achieve the goal for the required IPv4 peering. In many documentation examples, the configuration is shown at the neighbor level unless per- AF control is explicitly needed.
* Conclusion:Both Option 1 and Option 2 show valid configuration methods. Option 2 is arguably slightly more common/general when BFD is desired for the overall neighbor relationship.
References:AOS-CX BFD Guide, AOS-CX BGP Guide (neighbor commands, fall-over bfd option). This relates to "Routing" (16%) and "Network Resiliency and virtualization" (8%) objectives.

NEW QUESTION # 23
......

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